НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ СПЕЦИФИКА ПРОЦЕССОВ МЕТАФОРИЧЕСКОГО ТЕРМИНООБРАЗОВАНИЯ ЕДИНИЦ ОТРАСЛИ «НЕФТЕГАЗОПЕРЕРАБОТКА» (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ РУССКОГО И АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ)

Abstract

The paper discusses the processes of metaphorical term formation in English and Russian languages using the material of the oil and gas refining industry in the aspect of the national specifics of constructing semantics. Objects and parameters are consecutively defined for both languages from conceptual fields, which are the source field for metaphorical projection. It is emphasized that the slots overlay involved in constructing the semantics of words in a national language into the structure of highly specialized terms is characteristic of both Russian and English languages. The most productive comparison is with food, namely oil, as well as with household items and physical actions performed by humans. The wider range of metaphorical models in the English language is due to the fact that the Oil and Gas Refining industry was initially actively developing in the English-speaking countries, and, as a result, specialists nominating new objects and phenomena relied on their national picture of the world. Terminology of the Russian language of the studied area can be characterized as pervaded with foreign language borrowings: there are units of German and French origin that are well-established in the language, as well as borrowings of the latest terminological units from the English language. Metaphorization is based on the preservation or partial transformation of the original projection, based on the similarity of national pictures of the world.