РЕГУЛЯТОРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ АДАПТАЦИИ КАРДИОГЕМОДИНАМИКИ К НАГРУЗКАМ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ МОДАЛЬНОСТИ У БОКСЁРОВ

Abstract

Ensuring a high level of fitness is directly related to the improvement of regulatory mechanisms in response to external stimuli. The leading role in the complex neurodynamics underlying the reactions of balance, orientation in space and coordination of movements in the dynamic conditions of boxing belongs to the vestibular analyzer and the complex system of unconditional vestibulosomatic and vestibulovegetative reflexes. Under the action of vestibular stimuli during training in boxers, the participation of vegetative components in the response of the body increases sharply and can lead to the appearance of a stress response. In qualified boxers with different levels of vestibular stability, significant differences in functional reserves were revealed, quantitatively expressed by the coefficient of vestibular and vegetative adaptability, which can be used to rank boxers according to the degree of their adaptive capabilities. Given the changes in the mechanisms of vegetative regulation in contingents with different levels of vestibular stability, the question arises of a quantitative assessment of the qualitative effects of the vestibular apparatus on the vegetative support of activity. Methods of measuring vegetative regulation reserves in order to analyze the effectiveness of the training process are insufficiently covered in literary sources. In this regard, the aim of our study was to identify the regulatory features of the adaptation of cardiohemodynamics to loads of different modality in boxers and the possibility of using the coefficient of vegetative-vestibular adaptivity (Cvva) in the quantitative assessment of regulatory reserves. It was revealed that the level of adaptation of boxers to physical and vestibular loads is directly related to the vegetative provision of cardiohemodynamics when performing loads of different modality and depends on the level of qualification or training experience, as well as the level of general physical performance. In boxers with different levels of vestibular stability, significant differences in functional reserves were revealed, quantitatively expressed by the coefficient of vestibular and vegetative adaptability. In qualified athletes at rest, the indices of heart rate and double work were significantly lower with an increase in the ability to perform physical load, and the values of VO2 max in experienced boxers exceeded the values of beginner boxers by 19.2 % (p<0.01). Reflecting the reduced reserves of adaptation to vestibular load, the coefficient of stability in the group of novice athletes was twice significantly higher than the data in the group of qualified boxers, and with a decrease in the level of vestibular stability in boxers, the coefficient of vegetative and vestibular adaptability also increased. Thus, both the energy and regulatory components form the adaptation of boxers to training loads, the integral indicator of which can be the mechanisms of regulation of cardiac activity.