Критерии выбора и теплофизические свойства низкотемпературных теплоаккумулирующих материалов для систем хранения тепловой энергии (обзор)

Abstract

The problem of energy efficiency and energy saving is one of the central for the development of modern civilization. In the Russian Federation and all over the world, scientists develop technologies for transition to environmentally friendly and resource-saving energy, search for new sources and ways of transporting and storing energy that will eventually reduce the use of electricity and reduce economic burden on the consumer. Low economic competitiveness and efficiency in comparison with traditional heat sources is the main problem of heat storage systems application in Russia. This problem can be solved by means of new short-term and long-term composite heat storage materials with different operating temperatures, heat transfer time, different heat storage density, etc., depending on the climatic conditions of the Russia regions. Despite a significant number of studies on the characteristics of heat-accumulating materials and attempts to systematize them, there are still no quantitatively reliable data, at the same time recommendations for selection are the basis for the development of optimal heat storage materials for specific applications. Thus the effective heat accumulators for storage of thermal energy for heating and hot water supply of buildings in difficult climatic conditions have not been created. The paper considers the basic principles of heat accumulation, the main types and properties of heat-accumulating materials, and also the criteria for their use in thermal energy storage systems for heating and hot water supply. We have preliminary carried out the selection of hydrated salts as potential materials for heating systems. On the basis of the factor analysis of the quantitative information systematized from available literary sources, we have carried out the data processing and proposed the scheme of the choice of the heat-accumulating materials for heating systems in difficult climatic conditions of Russia.