基于生态系统服务功能的新疆绿洲生态安全格局识别及优化策略——以拜城县为例

Abstract

识别生态保护关键区域，优化新疆县域生态空间结构，对促进绿洲区域经济与生态环境和谐发展，提升人类福祉具有重要意义。以拜城县为研究区，通过生态系统服务价值综合评定结果确定生态保护的核心"源"区，利用最小阻力模型，结合GIS空间分析技术及CA-Markov模型，识别拜城县生态安全格局，分析其发展变化趋势，探究生态空间布局调整策略，完善县域生态空间网络体系，结果表明：（1）研究期内，拜城县生态系统服务价值总量逐年上升，其中水源涵养、废物处理价值量增长最高，不同服务类型增长率差异较小。（2）分析2009、2016、2019拜城县生态安全格局特征发现，县域生态安全布局整体存在"源"地分布不均、廊道结构破碎且网络化程度低、生态脆弱区面积较大的现状特征。（3）基于2009、2016、2019年生态保护格局，同时依据生态"源"地及生态保护重要性用地的变化趋势，模拟2029年生态"源"地及其重要性等级区域分布，结合县域自然地理特征及总体发展规划，提出构筑"两带、三功能、四区、多中心、十廊道"的拜城县生态空间布局体系，为绿洲地区生态安全及区域生态文明建设提供参考。;It is important to identify the key areas of ecological protection and optimize the ecological spatial structure in Xinjiang, it means a lot to promote the harmonious development of oasis economy and ecological environment, and to enhance human welfare. Taking Baicheng County as the study area, on the basis of fully considering the level of ecosystem service function, the core ecological source areas of environmental protection were determined through the comprehensive evaluation of ecosystem service value. We also used the least resistance model, combined with the GIS spatial analysis technology and CA-Markov model, to identify the ecological security pattern, analyze its trend of development and improve the ecologically spatial network system of Baicheng County. The results showed as follows:(1) During the study period, the total value of ecosystem services in Baicheng County has increased gradually, among which the value of water conservation and waste treatment increased the most, while the growth rate of each ecosystem service type had a little difference. (2) According to the ecological security pattern of Baicheng County in 2009, 2016 and 2019, the overall environmental security layout was characterized by the uneven distribution of source areas, broken corridor structure, low network degree, and large area of ecologically fragile regions. (3) According to the ecological protection pattern in 2009, 2016 and 2019, based on the changing trend of ecological source sites and ecological protection importance sites, we simulate the distribution of ecological source sites and their importance levels in 2029. Based on the county's natural and geographical characteristics as well as the overall development plan, we also put forward the ecologically spatial layout system of Baicheng County. That is two belts, three functions, four districts, multiple centers and ten corridors, which provides a reference for the ecological security and regional ecological civilization construction in the oasis area.