Електромагнітні завади на залізничному транспорті: теоретичні засади та класифікація

Abstract

In order to reduce the amount of failures in the operations of the equipment of the railway automation systems, and thereby reduce the violations of the train schedule, which always leads to financial losses, it is better to use the methodology of optimal signal reception. The analysis of causes of failures in the work of the systems of railway automation, presented as system of three functional units - transmission tracks, communication lines and locomotive receivers are carried out.Internal causes of failure may occur and devices with a negative impact may present in each block, which leads to disturbances in the operation of the entire system of automatic locomotive signaling. It has been shown that the practical implementation and application of the developed devices for increasing the electromagnetic compatibility of automatic locomotive signaling with the reverse traction network should provide for the suppression of powerful interference from reverse traction currents occurring on locomotive receiving coils in heavy traffic trains.It should also ensure suppression of interference from the uneven magnetic field of the rails laid in the path or in the track and at the ends of the sleepers.The purpose of the work is analysis and classification of electromagnetic interference that may have a negative effect on the functioning of the railway automation systems. Lowering the intensity of crashes in the operation of automatic locomotive signaling increase the level of safety and continuity of trains.Bearing in mind that track circuits, auto-lock systems and automatic locomotive signaling systems are among the most important elements for ensuring the safety and reliability of railway transport, they require considerable attention, especially in the field of electromagnetic interference protection. The proposed approach to the classification of electromagnetic interference and the identified negative factors of influence on the work of ALS allow to specify the electromagnetic interference that has a critical impact on the work of the of railway automation equipment and to concentrate efforts on the development and further improvement of the methods of protection against them on railway transport systems.