控制执教行为对大学生运动员主观活力感的影响：运动员倦怠的中介作用

Abstract

为探讨运动员倦怠在控制执教行为与主观活力感之间的中介作用，我们使用控制执教行为量表(CCBS)、运动员倦怠问卷(ABQ)和主观活力量表(SVS)调查了334名大学生运动员。研究发现，运动员倦怠在消极条件性关注、威迫与主观活力之间起完全中介作用，在过度个人控制与主观活力之间起部分中介作用。这一研究发现表明，运动员倦怠是教练员为控制执教行为影响主观活力感的一个重要中介因素。另外，过度个人控制对主观活力感的直接影响更加突显控制执教行为的对运动员的负面影响。因此，教练员应减少对控制执教方式的使用。未来研究者需要进一步探讨更加符合中国文化特点以及体育体制特征的教练员执教方式，在确保运动成绩、训练质量的同时，使运动员的主观心理及情感体验(主观幸福感)得到应有的重视。 To explore the mediating effect of athlete burnout on the relationship among controlling coach behaviors and subjective vitality in Chinese collegiate athletes, 334 Chinese collegiate athletes were investigated by using Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale (CCBS), Athlete Burnout Question-naire (ABQ) and Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS). The results showed that collegiate athletes’ bur-nout fully mediated the effect of negative conditional regard and intimidation controlling on theirs feeling of subjective vitality and partially mediated the effect of excessive personal control on theirs feeling of subjective vitality. It is suggested that collegiate athletes’ burnout is an important mediator in the relationship between their coaches’ controlling behavior and athletes’ subjective vitality. Further, the direct and indirect effects of excessive personal control on athletes’ subjective vitality highlight the detrimental effect of coaches’ controlling coaching behaviors on athletes’ subjective experiences. It is suggested that the coaches should reduce the usage of controlling style in their coaching practice. Researchers are suggested to further explore more desirable and effective coaching styles that fit the Chinese culture and current sport system well and meanwhile take athletes’ subjective wellness into consideration.