ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ КОМПОНЕНТОВ, РАСТВОРЕННЫХ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ И НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ В ПРИРОДНЫХ ВОДАХ

Abstract

Introduction. Large urban agglomerations have to deal with issues related to the high-quality drinking water supply. These issues are mainly due to water quality deterioration, poor condition and severe wear of water supply infrastructure facilities. Materials and methods. In our study, we analyze the composition of drinking water in the water supply system of St. Petersburg for SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles and organic substances, including soluble proteins, protein components, and salts. For this purpose, we estimated the concentration and distribution of nanoparticles and organic impurities in the sediment formed after water evaporation from a sample in the form of a droplet. During the process, the following methods were used: the method for dehydration of water droplets with the formation of a solid phase, the methods for optical analysis of the sediment structure based on image analysis and recognition (photo and video recording of microscopic images), mathematical modeling of sediment structures’ formation, and statistical analysis of the results. Results. The presence of impurities in water was determined by the formation of periodic annular ring structures in sediments of aqueous solutions. The analysis of the structures obtained made it possible to determine the composition of the mixture and percentage content of individual fractions by the type of structural elements and their periodicity. We also developed a mathematical model simulating the processes of particle settling out of a solution. The calculations were carried out using model liquids and made it possible to obtain dependencies for the distribution of various dissolved particles in the structure of the solid phase, as well as to describe the staged mechanism in settling during its formation.