ВИДОВИЙ СКЛАД ШКІДЛИВИХ ОРГАНІЗМІВ В ПОСІВАХ РІПАКУ ОЗИМОГО ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ОБРОБІТКУ ҐРУНТУ ТА СИСТЕМИ ЗАХИСТУ

Abstract

Based on the results of research conducted in Western Polissia, it was found that tillage is important for controlling the number of pests in winter rape crops, especially the number of weeds. It was found in the experiment variants without herbicide spraying of rape plants that the most weeds were on the background of surface tillage – 407.9 pcs/m2, which is 1.8 times more than under the moldboard plowing (228.1 pcs./m2). Thus, the technical efficiency of herbicides against the background of moldboard plowing was 93.7 %. It is established that tillage has a lesser effect on the development and spread of diseases and pests, as the best results showed chemical protection. When spraying winter rape plants in the flower bud stage, the technical effectiveness of Borei insecticide (0.14 l/ha) against Pentatomids (Eurydema oleracea L., Eurydema ventralis Kol.), Mirids (Lygus pratensis L.) and Flea Beetles (Phyllotreta vitata F., Phyllotreta nemorum L.) consisted 100 %, Pollen Beetles (Meligethes aeneus F.) – 95.1–95.9 %, Cabbage Seed Weevils (Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis Payk.) – 92.5–94.6 %. The technical efficiency of Mospilan insectici-de (0.15 kg/ha) at the spraying of plants in the flowering stage against Pollen Beetles was equal to 91.7– 95.7 %, Cabbage Seed Weevils – 92.4– 94.6 %. According to the research results, it was found that the largest technical efficiency of Colossal Pro fungicide (0.5 l/ha) against Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria brassicae) was revealed 14 days after fungicide spraying of winter rape plants and was 84–88 %. Due to tillage, it was possible to obtain an yield increase of winter rapes in the range of 0.09–0.22 t/ha. However, due to the implementation of an integrated system of crop protection on different backgrounds of tillage, seed yield increased by 0.64–0.85 t/ha. Depending on tillage and plant protection, the winter rape yield ranged from 2.20 to 3.27 t/ha. Key words: tillage, species composition, weeds, diseases, pests, herbicides, fungicides, insec-ticides.