Взаємодія просодичних характеристик у реалізації висловлювань-здивувань

Abstract

The aim of the article is to define the role of prosodic variables play in actualizing emotional utterances. Sometimes they can be the only ones that indicate the speaker’s pragmatic intention. The purpose of the study is to determine the interaction level of prosodic means that helps to achieve maximum effect on the recipient as well as to establish the invariant of the intonation model of utterances expressing surprise and its variable modifications. The correlation of the intonation components and parts of the intonation contour is able to provide an adequate description of positive, negative, indefinite and complex emotions. Utterances expressing surprise of different kinds are characterized by the variability of a pitch-tone level, tempo, timbre, rhythm, each of which carries certain semantic meaning. At the same time, the type of a nuclear tone, scale, pre-scale, core elements of the melodic contour, interacting with the components of intonation define the modal meaning of an utterance. To determine the common and distinct perceptual prosodic characteristics of utterances expressing surprise, as the most frequent emotional speech units of business and cultural communication, with a view to define the prosodic model of the utterances explored, the auditory and acoustic analyses were performed. The perceptive and acoustic analyses comparison allowed us to formulate the general structure of the intonation patterns of utterances expressing surprise. It is concluded that the leading prosodic means, which differentiate the types of utterances expressing surprise, should include: the tone level of the beginning of the syntagm, the tone of the first stressed syllable, the configuration of the terminal tone and its range, the rate of pitch frequency change in the terminal rhythm group, the frequency range of the intonation group, the tone intervals on the pre-scale, scale, nuclear tone as well as tempo and timbre. Linguistic interpretation of the results of the perceptual and acoustic analyses allows us to consider the established intonation features sufficiently complete to describe their prosodic model and define them as appropriate for the use in teaching proper intonation of the English emotional utterances. The achieved data can be used in teaching students the most common intonation patterns of emotional utterances and to make them realize semantic variabilities of utterances expressing surprise.