РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ОЦЕНКИ СОРТОВ ЯРОВОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ АГРОЭКОТИПОВ ПО ПРИЗНАКАМ ЗАСУХОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ И ДОНОРСКИМ СВОЙСТВАМ

Abstract

For spring wheat, it is extremely relevant to study drought resistance in the initial phases of the growing season, as water deficiency during this period leads to significant yield losses. The method of seed germination in distilled water (control) and sucrose solution (experiment) makes it possible to evaluate drought resistance by morphological characteristics in the seedling phase. The studied varieties of spring wheat belonging to different ecotypes significantly differed in the number of germinal roots, total seedling biomass, redistribution of plastic substances between root and the general combining ability (GCA). The Nos Norko variety (Germany) had a significantly high number of germinal roots in the control (109% of the group average) and a consistently high OCS in the series of generations, which allows it to be classified as a donor of this trait. The Klein Vencedor variety (Argentina) had the highest seedling weight (112…120%) in the control and experimental variants. This genotype was also characterized by a relatively low stress response. The resulting hybrids differed in their seedling weight in the second and third generations. The RSR diagnostic method makes it possible to clearly differentiate the studied varieties by adaptive drought resistance strategy. The Jahuara F-77 (Mexico) and Karabalykskaya 91 (Kazakhstan) varieties redistributed most of the plastic substances in the roots under water shortage, the Nos Norko (Germany) and Erythrospermum 1129 (Russia) varieties maintained a stable root/sprout ratio. The inclusion of selected varieties in the crossing program will produce hybrids with maximum genetic diversity and expanded amplitude of possible adaptation to changes in the hydrothermal regime. In practical work, when analyzing breeding material under control conditions, it is important to note that genotypes with a large number of roots were characterized by good donor properties of this trait. Under stress conditions, genotypes with a large number of germinal roots had an increased seedling biomass and increased root/sprout ratio. The heritability of the studied traits indicates that the selection efficiency may be higher in terms of the number of roots and RSR in the control, and in terms of seedling weight in the experiment.