불안정 노동과 예술인의 겸업 행태

Abstract

This study aims to answer two questions: “Does precarious work, in the artistic labor market, affect the probability of having multiple jobs?” and “Are multiple job holders, who experience precarious work in the artistic labor market, likely to work for non-artistic jobs rather than for artistic ones?” This study empirically analyzed how artists respond in the artistic labor market by systematizing the existing discussion on the vulnerable economic status of artists from the perspective of precarious work. For these purposes, this study used the data from the “Survey Report on Artists & Activities” in Korea from 2015 and 2018. Analysis of the data revealed that if the artistic job is a form of precarious work, it is likely that artists will hold multiple jobs and find secondary jobs outside the artistic labor market. This study measured precarious work using two categories: precarious employment and income. This led to two conclusions in terms of employment. First, non-regular and non-standard artists are more likely to hold multiple jobs. Moreover, these types of employment increase the probability of multiple job holders finding secondary jobs not related to art. Second, as a result of examining the characteristics of the contract(for employment or service) by dividing them into the number of contracts, period of contracts, and contract price, it was revealed that the higher the number of contracts within the artistic labor market, the greater the possibility of having multiple jobs. However, the higher the payment is, the lower the possibility of having multiple jobs. Furthermore, among multiple jobholders, the longer the contract period concluded in the domain of art, the higher the possibility of having jobs related to the art. Precarious income also pushes artists out of the art world. When income from art is lower, the possibility of having multiple jobs and having heterogeneous jobs as secondary jobs increases relatively.