Abstract
A general law for determining the damage distributed in multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems subjected to various types of earthquakes is developed, which is called the theory of modal damage. The theory is derived from the fact that the modal energy in an elastic MDOF system is reserved in an elasto-plastic MDOF system having the same elastic properties. The theory can handle higher mode participations of the systems as well as spectral characteristics of the earthquake motion. Examples of damage distributions in lumped mass systems subjected to three different types of earthquakes are presented on the basis of the theory, and the accuracy of the predictions is examined and found satisfactory by comparing the predicted damage distributions with the precise ones obtained from response analyses.
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