АКТИВИ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ДЕРЖАВНОГО СЕКТОРУ ЕКОНОМІКИ: ПОНЯТТЯ, КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ТА МЕТОДИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ОБЛІКУ

Abstract

Reforming the accounting and reporting system in the public sector of Ukraine’s economy is a long and difficult process. Changes in legislation, testing of a new chart of accounts, new forms of financial reporting in practice, the use of a new grouping of assets, capital, liabilities; changes in the structure of property and sources of its formation (including equity) pose new challenges to improve the methodology of organization, accounting in new realities for scientists, and appropriate training, improving skills and competencies for practitioners. Thus, the accounting practice of public sector entities includes the concepts of assets, financial and non-financial assets. Assets are resources controlled by a budgetary institution as a result of past events; the use of them is expected to result in future economic benefits. Financial assets are financial instruments that include cash and cash equivalents; current and long-term receivables, financial investments, promissory notes received and other financial assets. Non-financial assets are all assets, except financial ones, that are used or held by a budgetary institution for the purpose of obtaining future economic benefits. Among them there are fixed assets, investment property, intangible assets, capital investments and other non-current tangible assets. Without knowledge of the theoretical foundations and methods of organization of accounting of public sector entities, it is impossible to show information about business transactions with assets in accounting; to systematize and generalize accounting and analytical data for the purpose of compiling reports, as well as their interpretation to meet the information needs of decision makers; to form accounting and analytical information on the availability and movement of financial and non-financial assets for effective management of the public sector entity; to apply the acquired knowledge in practice, etc.