Спалювання низькосортного твердого палива в теплогенераторах систем автономного і децентралізованого теплопостачання

Abstract

The expediency of using a municipal energy of solid fuel of different quality in heat generators: from high-grade low-ash to low-grade, which is characterized by high humidity and ash content is explained. The negative influence of moisture content and ash content on fuel on the intensity of the process of its combustion is analyzed, ways of reducing it are considered due to the organization of the process of getting lost gas at low air surpluses and the use of mechanical means during destruction of the asocial shell of particles in the burning zone of fuel coke. It is noted that the economy of using a fuel of different quality depends to a large extent on a choice of the constructive scheme of the furnace, which provides the most suitable organization of combustion process for combusted fuel. The constructive schemes of furnaces for combustion of low grade fuel with high moisture and low ash content and high moisture and ash content are presented. The construction of a heating boiler with a manual or semi-mechanical furnace is described, in which, due to the deep mixing of gases of the pyrolysis process in a fuel stack with oxygen secondary air, the combustion of moisture fuel with normative ecological parameters is achieved. An analysis of the combustion of ash and moisture fuel in the described construction of a mechanical furnace, which comprises a fuel stack, a grating, mechanical means for moving and scratching the burning fuel layer, and a system of air tract of primary and secondary air is done. Taking into account the complication of combustion technology and consequently increasing the cost, with a decrease in the quality of fuel, the rationale for choosing a rational scheme for organizing the process for fuel with different moisture content of the ash makes it possible to select the furnace devices according to the complexity of the design suitable for combustion of fuel of the appropriate quality with the provision of economic and environmental normative indicators.