Abstract
토마토의 생육, 수량, 물과 질소 이용율 등에 미치는 질소 관비 처리효과를 살펴보기 위하여 토양검정시비량의 0%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%에 해당하는 질소량은 15회에 걸쳐 토마토에 점적관비 하였으며, 질소 점적관비 효과는 질소관행시비구(기비와 추비를 60:40의 비율로 표층시비)와 비교하였다. 질소관비량 증가로 토마토의 초장과 건물중은 증가하였으나, 경경은 현저한 차이가 없었다. 질소관비량 증가에 따른 상품과실수 증가로 토마토수량은 증가하였다. 질소관비처리구의 과실수량은 질소관비처리량에 따라 <TEX>$9{\sim}33%$</TEX> 가량 증가하였으며, 토양검정시비량의80%(NF80처리구)에 해당하는 <TEX>$176kg\;ha^{-1}$</TEX>의 질소 관비시(96.6 mg <TEX>$L^{-1}$</TEX>) 과실은 최대수량을 보였다. 질소관비량 증가로 토마토 부위별 건물중과 질소흡수량은 증가하였다. 전체건물중 대비 과실 중량의 비율은 관행에 비해 질소관비처리구들에서 <TEX>$2.6{\sim}5.3%$</TEX> 증가하였고, 과실중 질소분배량은 <TEX>$3.7{\sim}21.7%$</TEX> 가량 증가하여 질소 관행처리에 비해 질소 관비처리구에서 과실로의 질소분배 및 동화산물 전이가 효과적으로 진행되는 것으로 판단되었다. 한편 질소 관비량 증가로 인한 질소흡수량은 증가하였으나, 질소 흡수율은 감소하는 경향이었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 질소관비처리구의 질소흡수율은 <TEX>$71.8{\sim}102.3%$</TEX> 범위로서 질소관행 처리구의 45%와 비교할 때 현저하게 높았다. 반면에 질소관비처리구의 물이용효율성은 <TEX>$327{\sim}361kg/ha\;cm^{-1}$</TEX>로서 관행 질소 처리구의 <TEX>$324kg/ha\;cm^{-1}$</TEX>보다 높았으며, NF80 처리구의 경우 <TEX>$361kg/ha\;cm^{-1}$</TEX>으로 가장 효율적으로 물을 이용한 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 과실의 상품수량, 상품율, 물 이용효율성 등을 고려할 때, 토양검정시비량의 80%에 해당하는 질소량을 관비시 토마토의 생육 및 수량 증가에 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. To investigate the effect of N fertigation on the growth, yield, and water and nitrogen use efficiencies during tomato cultivation, seedlings were transplanted in a sandy loam soil under plastic film house condition. 0, 88, 132, 176, <TEX>$220\;kg\;ha^{-1}$</TEX> N rates, which correspond to 0 (NF0), 40 (NF40), 60 (NF60), 80 (NF80), 100% (NF100) N level of soil test-based N fertilization, were injected weekly through drip irrigation system for 15 weeks in N fertigation system, and the control (conventional N treatment) was installed for comparison. Herein, nitrogen was applied by top-dressing with 60% as a basal and 40% as additional fertilizer. There was little different in stem diameter growth among N fertigation treatments, but plant height and dry matter increased with increasing N fertigation rates as well as in N conventional treatment. Tomato yield was increased with increasing the number of marketable fruits in N fertigation treatments, and the fruit yield was maximized in NF 80 treatment (<TEX>$176\;kg\;ha^{-1}$</TEX> N supply or <TEX>$96.6\;mg\;L^{-1}$</TEX> N injection). Dry matter productivity and nitrogen uptake amount were significantly increased with increasing N fertigation rates. The ratio of fruits to the dry weight of whole plant was decreased with increasing N fertigation rates, but this ratio was <TEX>$2.6{\sim}5.3%$</TEX> higher in N fertigation treatments than in the control. In addition, the ratios of nitrogen distributed toward fruits in N fertigation treatments were <TEX>$3.7{\sim}21.7%$</TEX> higher than that of control. The apparent N recovery percentages showed significantly higher values as <TEX>$71.8{\sim}102.3%$</TEX> in N fertigation treatments, compared to 45% in N conventional treatment. Water use efficiency was significantly increased by fertigation system with the maximum <TEX>$361\;kg/ha\;cm^{-1}$</TEX> in NF 80, which is comparable to <TEX>$324\;kg/ha\;cm^{-1}$</TEX> of the conventional treatment. Conclusively, N fertigation system was effective on increasing tomato productivity and nutrient efficiency as well as 20% reduction of N fertilization level.
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