МАТЕРІАЛИ ДЛЯ РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЇ ТРАВМОВАНОЇ ПЕРЕДНЬОЇ ХРЕСТОПОДІБНОЇ ЗВ’ЯЗКИ У СПОРТСМЕНІВ

Abstract

Due to various reasons and peculiarities in modern professional sport, the number and severity of injuries are constantly increasing s. Especially important and dangerous are the injuries of the lower extremity, among which not the last place is occupied by the ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament, one of the most injured ligaments of the knee joint. The peculiarity of injuries of anterior cruciate ligament in athletes is that they, after operations, should return to previous workouts as soon as possible and withstand systematic loads. Classical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using the patient’s own tissues and the operative treatment of concomitant injuries does not allow for a quick return to professional sports, since it requires prolonged relaxation and rest until the wound is completely healed. Due to the development of biomedical technologies, one of the methods for treating rupture of anterior cruciate ligament was the minimally invasive arthroscopic technique, which provides a lower invasiveness of the intervention and thus accelerates the rehabilitation process. But despite the many modern materials and types of prostheses for creating artificial anterior cruciate ligament, there is a high percentage of unsatisfactory functional results, early and late postoperative complications associated with the implantation of synthetic tissues into the joint. During this research were carried out a comparative analysis of the techniques of reconstruction of the injured anterior cruciate ligament, identification of deficiencies in the techniques and implants that are used now, the formation of basic requirements for their improvement and the development of proposals for special requirements for the treatment of athletes with anterior cruciate ligament . In the “SolidWorks” environment, 2 samples of communication implants were simulated conditionally. Mathematical analysis and comparison of a synthetic implant and an autograft shows that a synthetic anterior cruciate ligament can withstand a load of up to 387 N, while a bundle of human tissues is only 203 N. Considering all the above data, at this stage of development of medical technologies, modern traumatologists should more often consider anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions using minimally invasive arthroscopy and synthetic implants. Since, in accordance with the results, such an approach to treatment can reduce the time of rehabilitation for athletes and help them return to work in the shortest time possible.