Реформа адміністративної юстиції у Сполученому Королівстві Великої Британії та Північної Ірландії

Abstract

The article examines the essence and significance of the institution of administrative justice in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is noted that the modern Anglo-Saxon model of administrative justice emerged in the early twentieth century, creating a system different from continental European countries to protect the rights of citizens from decisions, actions and inaction of public administration and control them, which plays an important role in public administration. The lack of a unified theory of administrative justice, the chaotic creation of its bodies has led to different interpretations and understandings of the system of administrative justice. It is emphasized that today there is no consensus on the concept, nature and system of administrative justice in the United Kingdom, but a study of various theoretical concepts and opinions in this regard led to the conclusion that the main administrative justice bodies are special quasi-judicial institutions - tribunals. the bulk of administrative disputes in the field of public administration. It is substantiated that the Anglo-Saxon model of administrative justice is characterized by significant differences in the nature of its bodies, historical development, procedural features and so on. The administrative justice of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is represented by a system of tribunals empowered to deal with a range of matters concerning illegal decisions, acts or omissions of officials and public authorities. Such tribunals are quasi-judicial institutions that consider and resolve administrative disputes in a procedure that resembles the judiciary, but are not part of the judicial system of the state, thus forming separate bodies with specific functions. Today, the importance of tribunals is constantly growing, from temporary special purpose bodies they are becoming an important element of the justice system. Thus, in recent years, the United Kingdom has been reformed to improve the system of administrative justice, unify and develop common standards for their work. It is analyzed that in 2007, with the adoption of the Act on Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Proceedings, which entered into force on November 3, 2008, a new period of administrative justice of the United Kingdom began. This law significantly reformed the organizational framework of the tribunal system, as well as created the preconditions for the convergence of the tribunal system and the courts in order to create a single mechanism for protecting the rights and freedoms of individuals. It was emphasized that the modern system of tribunals has ceased to be perceived as a temporary, additional way to protect the rights of the individual, and together with the courts has become an essential part of the system of protection of rights.