Влияние оросительных мелиораций при выращивании кукурузы

Abstract

Purpose: to analyze the results of experiments on the use of irrigation regimes and methods when cultivating corn in different climatic and soil conditions. Discussion. The overview of research works devoted to the study of irrigation methods and regimes for cultivating corn for grain on various types of soil in a number of regions of the Russian Federation and other countries, including former Soviet republics is presented. It has been determined that irrigating corn increases yields by 2–3 times. The optimal level of soil moisture in the root layer is approximately 70–80 % of the minimum moisture capacity. The most advanced technology of irrigation reclamation when cultivating corn for grain is drip irrigation, which allows soil cultivation be carried out simultaneously with irrigation at the optimal time, preventing soil erosion, and meeting the needs of plants for water and nutrients as accurately as possible. When growing corn on heavy soils, chieseling has a positive effect, which can increase the yield by 24 % compared to the traditional technology of basic tillage, which involves plowing to a depth of 30 cm. Conclusions: in the process of developing an irrigation regime when growing corn for grain, it is necessary to take into account the crop biological features, climatic and soil conditions of the area, the degree of drainage and water supply of the territory.