Витоки та рушійні сили європейської інтеграції: ретроспективний аналіз.

Abstract

The article presents an author’s view of the origins and driving forces of European integration processes. As one of the key driving forces of political and economic development in Europe, the author examines the evolution of bourgeois values, which were largely complemented by the achievements of the Reformation and the Enlightenment. The evolution of the elites who were bearers of these values had a projection in a series of bourgeois revolutions in European countries (the Netherlands, England, and France).The article proposes consideration of general tendencies of foreign policy vectors of European countries in conjunction with a retrospective analysis of conflicts from the beginning of the Modern Age to the middle of the twentieth century. An overview of the main European wars, which involved almost all states complemented by the analysis of post-war system agreements and European scenarios. In particular, the formation of the Westphalian, Viennese, Versailles-Washington systems of international relations was analysed, which greatly deepened the contradictions between the leading European countries and every 50- 60 years experienced devastating wars.The study of the formation of the ideas of European unity from the age of the Enlightenment to the completion of the Second World War as a method of preventing military conflicts, complemented the general picture of the retrospective. An overview of the concepts of "Eternal Peace" (I. Kant), "PanEuropean Union" (R. Kudenhov-Kallergi), "Declaration of Schumann" is presented.The post-World War II system of peace and sustainable development in Europe initially united the coal and steel industries in the form of the European Coal and Steel Community. The organization joined France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. The said structure became one of the first to establish a system of cooperation in key sectors of the post-war economy, reconciling France and Germany, creating the preconditions for further integration processes in Europe.