نشأة وتطور منظمات المجتمع المدني في المجتمع الإسلامي مقارنة بالغرب

Abstract

To look at the question of what is usually caused by the correlation of the problems posed by that issue, interrelated and interrelated, where it is difficult to address one of them without looking at the rest of their counterparts lesson, analysis and establishment, it is exactly what confronts the researcher when he wants to address the issue of civil society in Islam, or Islam's view of civil society, and the many questions and problems that we must stand on and address the most important details, especially on issues of religion and the state and freedoms and rights and their relations with civil society itself on the one hand and regardless of the possibility of establishing this in the Islamic world, or with the perception of Islam from the neighborhood W being a religion, or the right religion for those same issues and for this same relationship on the other hand. Civil society came from the West and grew up as a concept and term there, and spread as a reality and history to reduce the role of the state and besieging its role in society, and to completely separate them from religion or between civil authority and religious authority, so that it can establish new views on the freedoms and rights of individuals from a secular and liberal perspective, And the desperate defense of them, and to consolidate them in society and strengthen them among the various components. Based on this general purpose of civil society in which the need to separate the religious and civil spheres in the state and society, and the need to ensure the rights and freedoms of the people from this perspective, we can ask about the possibility of civil society in Islam, or more broadly, To question the extent to which the beliefs, laws, and historical experiences of Islam accept the concept of civil society and absorb it. The question arises legitimacy when we know what civil society is, its theoretical and intellectual standpoint, its principles, values and management of its objectives. History has responded to the Western experience in managing the affairs of its societies from its philosophical and political perspective of the relationship between religion and power, and in relation to human rights and freedoms: • How can Islam absorb this experience? Is it permissible for Islam to think about this without prejudice to the ideological, legal and historical peculiarities? • If possible, what are the controls to ensure this privacy? • Is the Islamic community (which is originally a religious community), does not need a civil society to manage the affairs of rights and power in a community? • Do the historical experiences of Islam have the same goals, principles and different values of civil society, which justifies us borrowing it from the West and its integration into the environment of Islamic society? • Although the concept of civil society originally appeared in the West, does this mean that Islamic culture, like all other cultures and human knowledge, never contributed to the goals and values of this concept? We ask these questions, to declare a central thesis based on that: since the civil society in the West began from the West's treatment of the philosophy of politics and sociology and the question of the state, religion, freedoms and rights, to produce its values and goals, Islam in terms of religion and culture has raised and addressed the same questions and has its own answers, This established a special concept for civil society, and allowed for the formation of civil society organizations in his societies and among his people. مقدمة: