Цвет в искусстве традиционного костюма коренных малочисленных народов Тюменского Севера (на примере анализа музейных экспонатов)

Abstract

Research objective: The authors set a goal to analyze the color symbolics in the folk costume of indigenous ethnic groups of North (Nenets, Khanty and Mansi) of the Tyumen region on the example of authentic sources, museum pieces and compare it with the main functions of the Luscher personality color analysis, to reveal the “collective subconscious”, nature of ethnic groups, their mentality. Sources: The basis of the article was the works of many researchers in various fields of science and culture (I. Newton, I.V. von Goethe, M. Lomonosov, N. Volkov, V. Kandinsky, I. Itten, M.O. Surina, R.G. Gadiyeva, O.Yu. Evseeva, O.A. Bakiyeva and others). In the course of the color analysis of the traditional folk costume and the identification of the color mentality of the ethnic group, color diagnostics according to M. Luscher was used. Content: The research of color was associated with the cultural activities of the peoples of the North of the Khanty (Ostyaks), Nenets (Samoyeds) and Mansi (Voguls). The color system was examined in traditional folk costume, it was developed over many centuries and carried information about the views of the people about the world around, their psychological characteristics (national character) and mentality. The novelty of the research is the relation of color preference, which the masters used in the manufacture of traditional clothing, and psyche features of these ethnic groups. Considering the color concept of Max Luscher and its relation with the psychological characteristics of a person and ethnic group, we developed criteria of color analysis of products of cooperative creative thought of ethnic groups (traditional costume): dominant (fundamental colors), subdominant (color in ornamental symbols), tonic (color emphasis in details), which would correspond to the main functions of color diagnostics in order to determine the color mentality of each nation individually. The article analyzes the color symbolism in the costume of the northern, eastern and southern Khanty, Nenets, Mansi on museum pieces in Tyumen, Tobolsk, Khanty-Mansiysk. The analysis obtained was compared with Luscher's color diagnostics and the results were verified according to the characteristics of textbooks on ethnopsychology. All this proves the certain intention in choice of the color scheme in a traditional costume, as well as provide the opportunity to highlight the features of the art of folk costume in different northern ethnic groups. Conclusions: In general, the color designation in the ornament of the indigenous small peoples of the Tyumen North (Khanty, Mansi and Nenets) disclose information about the way of life, folk traditions, rituals, the world outlook of the people who nomadized, was engaged in reindeer herding, hunting, fishing, and also the nature of the ethnic group, color mentality. The distinctive character traits of the small indigenous people can be identified by analyzing the color codes in the clothes: red-activity, blue - restraint, green - modesty, love of nature, for his family, etc. In general, the color mentality reveals cultural traditions with elements of the Ob-Ugric archaic, which is in harmony with nature, in balance.