ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ЗЕРНОБОБОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР В БОГАРНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Abstract

Purpose: to define the optimal seeding rates, the mineral status influence on the yield and water consumption of leguminous crops in rainfed conditions in Rostov region. Materials and methods. Research of the Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre was carried out in 2018–2019. The soil of the experimental plot was calcareous, medium, light loamy ordinary chernozem on loess-like loam. The humus content in the arable layer is 4.0–4.2 %, total nitrogen is 0.22–0.25 %, mobile phosphorus is 39 mg/kg, potassium is 545 mg/kg. Solution reaction (pH) is 7.1–7.3. Soil density in the 0.3 m layer is 1.27 g/cm³. Chickpeas Donplaza, lentils Donskaya, peas Sotnik varieties were used. The following factors were studied: factor A: seeding rates (million units/ha) of chickpeas: 0.6 (control); 0.8; 1.0; lentils: 1.4; 1.8; 2.2; pea: 0.8 (control); 1.0; 1.2; factor B: fertilizer levels for all crops (high N30P80K80, medium N15P40K40, control without fertilizer). When conducting a field experiment, generally accepted methods were used (Dospekhov B.A., 1985, Vadyunina A.F., 1986). Results. Increasing the chickpea seeding rate from 0.6 to 1.0 million units/ha, regardless of the fertilizer application rate, increased the yield by 23.5 %. A similar increase in the lentil seeding rates from 1.4 to 2.2 million units/ha and peas from 0.8 to 1.2 million units/ha gave an increase of 27.8 and 28.9 %, respectively. At the same time, the difference in lentil yield at seeding rates of 1.8 and 2.2 million units/ha did not exceed 0.05 t/ha. The average level of nutrition N15P40K40, regardless of the seeding rate, increased the yield of chickpeas by 20.0 %, lentils by 25.0 %, and peas by 17.5 %. A high level of N30Р80K80 fertilizers provided a similar increase in chickpeas by 36.1 %, lentils 36.6 %, peas 39.9 %. The highest payback of fertilizers by yield increase against the background of N15P40K40 was observed in chickpeas (3.26 kg/kg) and lentils (2.0 kg/kg), against the background of N30P80K80 in peas (1.95 kg/kg). Conclusion. The best average yields of legumes were noted at high levels of nutrition and seeding density: 2.29 t/ha for chickpeas, 1.68 t/ha for lentils, and 1.59 t/ha for peas.