Штучний інтелект у процесі праці у цифровій економіці: нові виклики та можливості

Abstract

Active introduction of digital technologies in all spheres of human life transforms business models, accelerates the process of entry of enterprises into the global market, creates new conditions for hiring personnel, replaces certain types of human labor with algorithms and machines. At the same time, digitization and technological innovation open up opportunities: new jobs, expanding employment, revealing a person's creative potential. This requires new approaches to understanding the processes of transformation of the labor process in the digital economy, identifying the benefits of employee over the machine in the labor field, and developing measures to strengthen the position of the employee in the digital labor market. The article studies the issues of transforming the place and role of artificial intelligence and employee in the labor process in the digital economy. Attention is focused on reducing the share of human labor and reducing demand in some types of activity while increasing its value in other areas. Classification of human labor is proposed, which is based on an assessment of the possibility of replacing an employee with artificial intelligence. The place and role of artificial intelligence and employee in routine, creative, social activities are determined. At the risk of reducing demand for labor until it is completely replaced by technology are jobs that involve routine operations, and vice versa, the value of human labor increases in creative activities. A two-factor model has been developed that classifies labor activity according to a combination of complexity and creativity. On the basis of the proposed matrix, the types of activities subject to artificial intelligence substitution are detailed. Possible trends in the transformation of artificial intelligence from an object of the labor market into a subject are identified: partially or completely, subject to legislative regulation of the legal status of artificial intelligence. It is determined that social labor cannot be replaced by artificial intelligence. The advantages and disadvantages of the following activities were identified: routine, creative, social. It is determined that the main directions of strengthening the position of the employee in the labor market are the formation of a favorable environment for the development of creative potential of the person and the realization of the concept of lifelong learning. These areas require support from national and regional authorities and their engagement with interested and proactive local communities.