Abstract
2001년 12월 11일 중국은 WTO에 가입하면서 2006년 12월 11일까지 5년 사이에 금융시장을 완전 개방하여야 했다. 때문에 중국정부는 금융의 주체인 상업은행의 경쟁력을 강화하기 위하여 4대 국유상업은행의 주식제 개편을 추진하였다. 본 논문은 국유상업은행의 주식제 개편이 과연 은행의 경영효율성을 향상 시킬 수 있는가를 검정하기 위하여 2000년 초부터 2006년 말까지를 시점으로 실증분석을 하였다. 은행효율성을 측정하기 위한 방법론으로는 거리함수(distance function)를 사용하였는데 그 중에서 특히 은행경영에서 불가피적으로 부실대출 비율이 발생하는 것과 같이 산출물 중에 유해산출물(bad output)이 존재할 경우의 분석에 적절한 방향성 생산거리함수(directional distance function)를 사용하였다. 실증분석에 사용된 투입물로는 직원 수, 영업용고정자산, 자기자본이고 정상산출물은 세전이익, 대출금이며 유해산출물은 부실대출비율이다. 분석결과 국유상업은행의 주식제 개편은 은행효율성의 향상에 일정한 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. On December 11, 2001, China joined the WTO and became one of the member countries and the Chinese financial markets had to be open in 5 years. So, the Chinese government transformed national commercial banks into joint-stock banks. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the validity of this decision by the Chinese government. In order to measure the efficiency of banks, the directional distance function (DDF) methodology is used, which analyzes whether a bad output exists in the outputs. In the empirical analysis, the number of staffs, the fixed assets, and the equity capital are used as inputs, while the loans and the non-performing loans ratio are used as a good output and a bad output, respectively. The non-performing loans ratio is included in output since it could affect the efficiency of banks. If it isn't considered in the analysis, a distortion might occur in analyzing the efficiency of banks. The results show that the efficiency of the major commercial banks was improved, and that the efficiency of joint-stocks banks was higher for 2002-2003 while the efficiency of national commercial banks was higher for 2004-2006. It was due mainly to the foreign exchanges reserve funds injected into national commercial banks by the Chinese Ministry of Finance, and as a result bad assets were eliminated.
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