ГІБРИДНІ ЗАГРОЗИ МІЖНАРОДНІЙ БЕЗПЕЦІ ТА ШЛЯХИ ПРОТИДІЇ

Abstract

In this article the author analyses the approaches to understanding of «hybrid threat» notion as of new phenomenon in international relations, outlines peculiarities of its occurrence and influence on international processes, examines the existing approaches to countering hybrid threats in the modern world (the EU, NATO, Ukraine). In recent years, the world has faced the complete deconstruction of the current state of affairs: reformatting the system of international relations, imbalance of the international security system, activation of new actors, inability of the system of international law and almost total lack of responsibility for violations of international treaties and basic principles of international law. Challenges to international relations that arose in 2014 also created new phenomena and situations that could be described as unclear, unpredictable and non-standard. In the media, and subsequently in the scientific environment, they received the characteristics «hybrid». The concept of a hybrid threat at the present stage does not have a single definition, so the approaches to its interpretation range from the abstract application of traditional and non-traditional means, depending on the need to achieve their goals, to the tool that official Moscow uses to change the existing world order, reminding of its regional and global ambitions. The complexity of the question is also that the European and Ukrainian (since Ukraine itself was the bridgehead for Moscow Federation hybrid warfare) approaches to the interpretation of hybrid threats and, accordingly, the search for approaches to counteract are significantly different. The EU focuses on cyber-security, counteraction to organized crime, risk neutralization, increased resilience of society, and information security. Ukraine emphasizes the nature of the specific attacks, dimensions and nature of hybrid threats that quietly attack and capture national, cultural, educational and informational spaces, from which the level of danger created by them increases at times, and it is much more difficult to counteract it. Key words : hybrid threats; hybrid aggression; hybrid warfare; security; counteraction; fight; propaganda; cybersecurity; new forms of cooperation; information warfare.