ВЛИЯНИЕ ГРУДНОГО ВСКАРМЛИВАНИЯ НА АНТРОПОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ И ГОРМОНАЛЬНЫЙ СТАТУС КРУПНОВЕСНЫХ И МАЛОВЕСНЫХ ДЕТЕЙ В ДИНАМИКЕ ПЕРВЫХ ДВУХ ЛЕТ ЖИЗНИ

Abstract

The most important regulators of the rate of growth and physical development in children are rational nutrition and hormones. The aim is to evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on the anthropometric parameters and hormonal profile of large and small for gestational age children in the dynamics of the first two years of life. 280 full-term newborns were examined with dynamic follow-up during 2 years of life. The main group 1 (Gr1) ‒ 110 large for gestational age, Gr2 ‒ 95 small for gestational age, the control group ‒ 72 with indicators corresponding to the gestational age. The dynamics of anthropometric indicators, the nature of feeding, nutritional and hormonal status were analyzed, taking into account body weight at birth. It has been established that infants with low birth weight during the first year of life are significantly less likely to receive exclusively breast milk. The proportion of children who received exclusive breastfeeding in the neonatal period is lower than in the control group (p=0.002). Correlations between the duration of breastfeeding and indicators of physical development and adipokines status in newborns and young children have been established. Three-month-old low birth weight infants treated with breast milk substitutes showed a higher level of IGF-1 (p=0.047) and a lower concentration of adiponectin (p=0.045) in blood serum. In large for gestational age infants, a higher content of IGF-1 (p=0.029) and insulin (p=0.015) was established. The revealed features of anthropometric and hormonal status substantiate the importance of providing conditions for long-term breastfeeding, continuity in the provision of medical care to small and large for gestational age babies, and educational work with parents.