독일 대학입학자격시험 아비투어의 역사과 試驗 분석 - ‘史料의 분석과 비교’ 문항을 中心으로 -

Abstract

This study examines questions and model answers of history Abitur tests for the higher education entrance qualification in the German state of Baden- Württemberg between 2016 and 2020. Research methods are to analyze the question types and historical sources quantitatively and examine the model answers qualitatively to shed light on the procedure and strategies for writing answers. Exam topics mainly cover the development of democracy in modern and contemporary German history. A test set consists of three historical primary sources and four question sentences, and the exam time comprises 270 minutes. The four questions deal with historical source analysis, explaining a historical event or policy, and reviewing a historical thesis. The model answers to the questions on primary sources consist of ‘introduction of the presented historical sources’, ‘a description and summary of given sources’, ‘interpretation in a historical context’, ‘discussion on the arguments or intention of the source author’, and ‘summary’. The test requires students’ narrative ability to paraphrase and quote. In South Korea, in comparison, the CSAT history tests use multiple-choice questions that mainly require memorization of knowledge. This study argues that ‘Essay writing’ and ‘Analyzing historical sources’ should be more emphasized in Korean tests. The limitation of this study is that it analyzes tests of one out of 16 German states, while the scope and form of exams vary by state.