明ㆍ淸 韻書의 漢語 語音史的 意義 고찰

Abstract

The Chinese language showed great difference between regions as early as the Sui dynasty Lu-Fa-Yan 『Qie-Yun』(AD 601). The phonemes covered in the various Yun-Shu before the 『Qie-Yun』 were also not the same. 『Qie-Yun』 system Yun-Shu is a phonetic norm for the Sui dynasty Shi-Fu. It is the standard of the Sui dynasty literary phonology, the standard of ancient Chinese phonetic, and the first standard phonetic system in China. 『Qie-Yun』 is reached 『Guang-Yun』(1008년) in the Song dynasty and established the standard of the Chinese phonological system for about 407 years. 『Guang-Yun』 is the only authoritative source material for the estimation of phonological system of 『Qie-Yun』 and Tang dynasty Yun-Shu and ancient Chinese phonemes. This is the first official Yun-Shu compiled by the King’s command, the first Yun-Shu compiled for testing purposes in the past, and the first standard language coined by the Chinese. Standardization of character pronunciation should consider the right and wrong of north and south, but there is a problem in discussing ancient sound. In the Song dynasty, the 『Qie-Yun』 phonological system dealing with ancient phonemes was already complex and far from the actual sound. In particular, the development of the common society of the Song dynasty and the characteristics of the Mongolian subjugation dynasty brought great changes to Chinese society. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, novels written in the language of everyday life were very popular. In this way, during the Yuan dynasty, the Zhou-De-Qing 『Zhong-Yuan-Yin-Yun』(1324년) appeared in the world. It can be inferred that the Yuan-Qu reflected in the 『Zhong-Yuan-Yin-Yun』 phoneme is similar to the phoneme of the Yuan dynasty capital at the time. 32 years before the appearances of 『Zhong-Yuan-Yin-Yun』, Various types of Yun-Su have appeared, dealing with unique and innovative phonological systems such as 『Gu-Jin-Yun-Hui』·『Gu-Jin-Yun-Hui-Ju-Yao』·『Mong-Gu-Zi-Yun』. These Yun-Shus are the key to phonological change in Han-Yu. The Ming and Qing dynasty Yun-Shu did not receive much attention. But In the Ming and Qing period, the study of ancient phonology was actively. In addition, the 15th century Ming 『Yun-Lue-Yi-Tong』 Zao-Mei-Shi 20 Zi-Mu, reflected the actual Sheng-Mu system of southern and northern China in the 15th century better than the Sheng-Mu system of the 14^th century Yuan dynasty 『Zhong-Yuan-Yin-Yun』. Song and Yuan dynasties Yun-Shu blossomed in the history of Chinese Yun-Shu and Han-Yu phonology. On the other hand, among the Yun-Shu of the Ming and Qing dynasties period, most Yun-Shu and Yun-Tu except 『Hong-Wu-Zheng-Yun』 and 『Ying-Yun-Chan-wei』 are valuable materials for the study of modern Chinese dialects, dialect history, modern standard language Sheng-Mu systems, and ancient phonemes.