Асистивні технології як допоміжні засоби організації навчання осіб з вадами зору

Abstract

The current problem of accessibility of information and communication technologies remains a priority when discussing the rights of people with special needs. Modern communication and information processing devices assume that the user has the ability to see, hear, speak and feel. As a result, people with physical, sensory, and cognitive impairments are unable to access and use computers due to limited human-machine interfaces that do not allow for change. Therefore, the main focus in world practice in the development of technology for people with special needs is focused on those aspects that provide constructive solutions that allow for alternative data representation and the ability to work with input and output devices. To solve this problem, assistive technologies are being developed. Based on the above, the aim of the article was to analyze the features of the use of assistive technologies in the organization of the educational process for the visually impaired. To achieve it, we used the method of analysis of scientific works of scientists and national standards of Ukraine. The article discusses assistive information technologies, which are special software or hardware designed to increase the availability of communication information for people with visual impairments. Analyzing the scientific work of scientists, we concluded that today in Ukraine there is no single conceptual and terminological apparatus to identify tools to empower people with special educational needs. To do this, scientists use a number of terms: "assistive technologies", "auxiliary or compensatory technologies". It is investigated that the necessary condition for successful training of visually impaired people is the creation of material and technical resources and the use of assistive technologies. It is established that in the organization of educational activities of persons with visual impairments is taken into account, above all, the safety and sustainability of the subject-spatial environment. The authors propose a classification and analyze the main assistive technologies used in the organization of training for people with visual impairments. The main approaches to improve the effectiveness of technology in the organization of the educational process of people with visual impairments are proposed.