힌디어 해학극으로 본 근대 희곡의 형성 과정:『베다의 희생은 희생이 아닐세』의 풍자와 계몽담론을 중심으로

Abstract

The modern Hindi prose as a genre was created and differentiated during the 19th century. Hindi drama was first formed during this period, and Hindi Prahāsana became the most popular literary genre for writers. Medieval literary genres were not able to capture national consciousness and new awareness of the age which was aroused during Cultural Revival (navajāgraṇa) in northwestern India. As the need for a new form of literature to express nai cetanā increased, modern Hindi Prahāsana emerged as a refined literary genre. This study analyzes the relationship between Hindi drama and the discourse and demonstrates the relationship between the satire of Prahāsana and the enlightenment discourse in order to examine if and how nai cetanā influenced the process of the formation of Prahāsana as a new literary genre. In the mid-19th century, new awareness raised among Hindi writers was the enlightenment discourse. Thereby the genre of Prahāsana likewise expressed the enlightenment discourse of the time. By analyzing the Prahāsana, Vaidikī hiṃsā hiṃsā na bhavatī, this study illustrates the manner in which it highlights religious hypocrisy, social injustice, satirizes the leader’s incompetence and the evils of British rule. Through satire, Prahāsana achieved the purpose of social purification, the new role of modern literature. Additionally, it served as a public sphere that raised public awareness of religious and social reforms and colonial rule. This study concludes that the awareness of the age influenced the formation and differentiation of modern Hindi literary genre during the transition period of literary history.