ИНТРОДУЦИРОВАННЫЕ СОРТА МАЛИНЫ КАК ИСТОЧНИКИ В СЕЛЕКЦИИ

Abstract

The study was carried out to identify the breeding potential of introduced raspberry varieties of different geographical origins. The work was carried out in 2018-2022 in Bryansk region. The material for the study is 17 raspberry varieties of foreign selection, the control is the late-ripening variety Lavina. The following indicators were taken into account: field winter hardiness, degree of disease damage, duration of fruiting, productivity, productivity, mechanical properties of berries and taste. It has been established that it is inappropriate to grow some of the varieties in the conditions of central Russia without shelter for the winter. The varieties Uslada, Cascade Delight, Phenomenon, and Lavina were characterized by high winter hardiness with a degree of damage of no more than 1.0 points. For resistance to Didymella applanata Sass. (defeat up to 1.5 points) varieties were selected - Glen Ample, Sokolica, Radziejowa, Cowichan and the control variety Lavina, to Botrytis cinerea Pers. (loss up to 1.5 points) – Laszka, Tadmor, Chemainus, Sokolica, Radziejowa, Glen Ample, Cascade Delight, Octavia. The varieties Sokolica and Radziejowa were characterized by high field resistance to a complex of pathogens. Most genotypes are distinguished by medium-late fruit ripening (starting from the middle of the second decade of July). According to the components of productivity, complex sources of their high manifestation have not been identified, however, the varieties Laszka, Tadmor, Chemainus, Sokolica, Radziejowa, Glen Ample, Fenomen, Cowichan, Benefis, Glen Magna, which form fruits with an average weight of 3.8...4.4 g, can be used in breeding to increase the level of large fruit. According to the results of studying the mechanical properties of raspberry fruits, the varieties Laszka, Tadmor, Sokolica, Chemainus, Cascade Delight were characterized by increased strength (6.2...6.8 N) and optimal force of separation of berries (0.5...0.6 N) from the fruit. In terms of taste, the yellow-fruited varieties Valentina and Anne stood out, as well as the Uslada variety with a tasting score of 4.5 points. The varieties Tadmor, Chemainus, Glen Ample, Cascade Delight, Cowichan, Benefis, Glen Magna had a dessert taste (4.0...4.3 points), but without a “raspberry” aroma.