Проблемные вопросы тепловой защиты средств индивидуальной защиты органов дыхания и зрения пожарных

Abstract

Temperature of the inhaled gaseous medium in fires is an important parameter of personal respiratory and eye protection equipment, however, the national standards do not regulate the temperature inside their front part. The main criterion considered during testing is the ability of the device to protect the user from toxic combustion products. According to the requirements of national standards, the tests are aimed at assessing the resistance of one unit of the product to one of the types of temperature effects (heat flow, open flame) within the framework of one conducted test. At the same time, the temperature inside the front part and components of breathing apparatus is not recorded and monitored, as well as the effect of thermal fire factors on personal respiratory and vision protection equipment and their components. Unlike the national standards, NFPA standard implies a comprehensive test to verify the protective properties of breathing apparatus with compressed air under the combined influence of various thermal factors. In this situation, it is advisable to propose the following measures: temperature measurement at the most critical points of the internal space of the front part and housings of breathing apparatus with compressed oxygen and breathing apparatus with compressed air; comprehensive testing of the combined effect of thermal factors on all the structural elements of personal respiratory and vision protection equipment. Thus, testing of personal protective equipment for respiratory and vision organs should be carried out under conditions of the combined exposure to thermal factors with variable values of the heat flux and exposure time, as well as considering the time of the protective action of personal protective equipment. This will provide an opportunity to assess the protective properties of personal protective equipment for organs under all types of thermal exposure, and update regulatory documents aimed at standardization in the field of application of personal protective equipment for respiratory and vision organs.