고려시대 토광묘의 장송의례 시설과 배경

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the changing process of funeral rituals around pit tombs from the perspective of Confucianism as the ruling ideology of Goryeo in the Yanggwang Province.
 Type I of tombs with facilities along the boundary used a wooden coffin(i) to bury the deceased, given the tombs of government officials and the prohibited cases of tomb repair. They held an exorcism ritual(B) to promote the well-being and protection of the deceased or a burial ritual(A) to bury artifacts around the main burial part. The social classes with an official rank or economic power placed importance on a funeral ritual based on Confucian ideology. Type II of tombs with facilities along no boundary recorded a lower occupancy rate of four-object outer coffins(a), which protected the bodies of the deceased in a simple pit(ii) compared with a wooden-coffin tomb(i), than Type I of tombs with facilities along the boundary. These findings confirm that the social class using a simple pit(ii) in tombs with facilities along no boundary(II) had a tendency to place importance on courtesy such as the funeral ritual based on Confucian ideology.
 The study then figured out the attributes related to the funeral rituals, classified them into three stages, and examined the spreading and changing process of a funeral ritual based on Confucian ideology. Stage 1 fell in a period between the early part of the tenth century and the early part of the 12th century. Stage containing shells for the Bangseup of the main burial part. Uirye confirmed the presence of the Chongin ritual(Sauhyeol+Yogaeng) performed by Chongins. Yegi confirmed the usage of spoons and chopsticks in the Seolchi process and that of scissors used before dressing a corpse for burial like others of the three Confucian courtesy books. Jujagarye confirmed the Sauhyeol of Bangsangsi Narye, the installation of Pyeonbang, and the usage of four-object outer coffins(a) to protect the body. Based on these findings, it is estimated that the ideological background of the funeral ritual around pit tombs in Goryeo came from the three major Confucian courtesy books and Jujagarye.