НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННЫЕ БАЛАНСЫ И ИХ РОЛЬ В РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПОЛИТИКИ ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ

Abstract

The article presents the materials of theoretical and empirical studies on the analysis of import substitution processes, taking into account the analysis of food resource balances. Presents a retrospective analysis of balances of food resources in the world, including in the framework of the Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations (FAO), presented the stages of formation of the global system of food balance sheets FAO. A brief history of food balances in the USSR /RSFSR and Russia is considered, including the role of the balance of the national economy of the USSR 1924-1926 of the Central statistical Office of the USSR in the development of the world system of the balance method in accounting for food resources. Archival data for the retro analysis of the history of food resources in the USSR are presented. The modern methodology used in the Russian Federation to assess food balances is presented. Considered analysis of balances of grain, meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, eggs and egg products, potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries, fish and fishery products in live weight on the basis of the author’s graphical construction of all the balance sheets for the period from 1990 to 2019, in terms of indicators of resources (inventory at beginning of year production import total resources) and use (production and consumption losses exports personal consumption stocks at end of year). Conclusions are drawn on groups of balances of grain, meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, eggs and egg products, potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries, fish and fish products in live weight by the role of imports in each group of balances.