토종 종계 이면교배조합 시험에 따른 생산능력 및 잡종강세효과

Abstract

본 연구는 국산 신품종 토종닭을 개발하기 위하여 국내 토종닭 GPS 계통들을 대상으로 <TEX>$5{\times}5$</TEX>이면 교배조합 시험을 실시하여 교배조합별 성적을 토대로 최적의 종계 조합을 선발하고자 하였다. 총 25개 교배조합의 암컷 1,157수를 대상으로 주요 생산능력인 생존율, 체중, 시산일령, 난중, 일계산란율 및 산란지수를 조사하고 분석하였으며, 각 조합별 형질들의 잡종강세효과도 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 성계의 평균 생존율은 순계구가 67.7%, 교잡구가 77.1%로 나타났다. 체중 측정 결과, 이들 25개 조합은 뚜렷한 3개의 그룹 즉, 9개의 고체중구, 12개의 중체중구 및 4개의 저체중구로 구분되었다. 12주령 평균 체중은 고체중구는 <TEX>$1,873.8{\pm}43.0g$</TEX>, 중 체중구는 <TEX>$1,595.4{\pm}56.6g$</TEX>, 저 체중구는 <TEX>$1,152.7{\pm}24.7g$</TEX>이었으며, 순계구는 <TEX>$1,560.2{\pm}339.3g$</TEX>, 교잡구는 <TEX>$1,640.9{\pm}213.7g$</TEX>이었다. 산란능력에 있어 시산일령은 순계구는 <TEX>$139.7{\pm}4.9$</TEX>일, 교잡구는 <TEX>$135.8{\pm}5.1$</TEX>일이었고, 평균 난중은 순계구에서 <TEX>$52.3{\pm}1.6g$</TEX>, 교잡구는 <TEX>$53.0{\pm}1.6g$</TEX>이었다. 20주령부터 40주령까지의 산란지수는 순계구가 <TEX>$58.3{\pm}12.9$</TEX>개, 교잡구는 <TEX>$69.2{\pm}10.4$</TEX>개였다. 잡종강세 효과 추정에 있어 전체 조합에 대한 평균 생존율은 16.9%, 12주 체중은 5.4%, 시산일령은 -2.7%, 난중은 1.3% 및 일계 산란율은 14.3%의 잡종강세율을 나타내었다. 전반적으로 생존율 및 산란형질들의 잡종강세 효과가 성장형질에 비해 높게 나타났다. 이상을 종합할 때 최적의 실용계 생산을 위하여 부계통으로는 우수한 성장능력을 가진 HF 조합구의 선정이 바람직하고, 모계통으로는 우수한 산란능력을 가진 GW 및 FW 조합구의 선정이 바람직하리라 예측된다. This study was conducted to establish new synthetic lines of Korean Native Chicken. We performed <TEX>$5{\times}5$</TEX> diallel crossings with GPS lines of Korean Native Chicken for the selection of parent stock. The production traits including viability, body weight, age at first egg laying, egg weight, hen-day egg production, and hen-housed egg production were measured and analyzed for 25 crosses with 1,157 hens. The heterosis effects of these traits were also estimated. The results showed that the average survival rate during laying periods was 67.7% in the pure lines and 77.1% in the crosses. The 25 cross combinations were shown to be distinctly divided into three groups according to body weight; nine crosses in the high-weight group, 12 crosses in the medium-weight group and four crosses in the light-weight group. The average body weight at 12 weeks of age was <TEX>$1,873.8{\pm}43.0g$</TEX> in the high group, <TEX>$1,595.4{\pm}56.6g$</TEX> in the medium group and <TEX>$1,152.7{\pm}24.7g$</TEX> in the light group, and <TEX>$1,560.2{\pm}339.3g$</TEX> in the pure lines and <TEX>$1,640.9{\pm}213.7g$</TEX> in the crosses. In terms of egg production performance, the age at first egg laying was <TEX>$139.7{\pm}4.9$</TEX> days in the pure lines and <TEX>$135.8{\pm}5.1$</TEX> days in the crosses. The average egg weight was <TEX>$52.3{\pm}1.6g$</TEX> in the pure line and <TEX>$53.0{\pm}1.6g$</TEX> in the crosses. The average hen-housed egg production from 20 to 40 weeks was <TEX>$58.3{\pm}12.9$</TEX> eggs in the pure line and <TEX>$69.2{\pm}10.4$</TEX> eggs in the crosses. The average heterosis effect was 16.9% for survival rate, 5.4% for body weight at 12 weeks, -2.7% for age at first egg laying, 1.3% for egg weight, and 14.3% for hen-day egg production. Generally, the heterosis effect for viability and egg production traits was higher than that for growth trait. On the basis of these results, it is expected that the selection of the HF combination, which had excellent growth performance, is the most desirable as the paternal strain, and the selection of GW and FW combinations, which had excellent laying performance, are preferable as the maternal strain.