Abstract
Clays are one of the most important minerals, they are widely used in industry. The development of mineral deposits by open or underground methods is carried out mainly at depths of up to 10 - 1000 m. Clay rocks (layers, layers and interlayers) of different genesis, located in the array of preparatory and mining workings (roof, soil and sides) or in the sides of quarries, have a significant impact on the stability of mine workings. Especially great influence on the safety of mining operations is exerted by clays subjected to technogenic impact, primarily by aqueous solutions and water vapor during open and underground mining of mineral deposits. During the development of mineral deposits, the clays that make up the exposed massifs have a very great influence on the stability of mine workings. The strength characteristics of clay rocks are largely determined by the degree of their water saturation. To develop technologies for increasing the strength properties of clay interlayers, it is necessary to study the effect of the composition and structure of clays formed at different stages of lithogenesis, as well as their adsorption (water absorption) capacity.
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