Жанрово-стильові модифікації реалістичного нарису Антона Крушельницького

Abstract

The article deals with genre-style modifications of the realistic essay of the 19th-20th centuries. In the article the author studies Anton Krushelnytsky’s artistic legacy (1878–1937) in the context of the dominant trends of Ukrainian literature at the end of XIX – the beginning of XX century and through the receptive dimensions of modern theory of literature. The paper defines the ideological and axiological background of the writer’s artistic understanding the reality and aesthetic nature of his creativity. The unity of the form and contest of prose texts is determined. The prose of the given period has a great variety of intra-genre modifications: essay, feuilleton, short story, story, novel. The works demonstrate exceptional multidimensionality of their inner structure, style diffusion, eclecticism of belles lettres methods and ways to achieve reality; the motives of «true morals» appear, which form counterbalance and alternative to moral chaos. Syncretic interaction of aesthetic paradigms of neorealism with impressionism, expressionism, symbolism is observed in prose. The characteristic features of the literature of the transitional stage in the moral-ethical, psychological and emotional aspects are revealed. Ukrainian literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was accompanied by the synthesis of sociological, psychological, aesthetic systems. The genre and style features and modifications of A. Krushelnytsky’s small form of prose are considered. The narrative models of the writer’s novels are analysed. Consequently, the essay as a genre of small prose is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that contains philosophical and aesthetic representations, artistic, socio-political, and moral-ethical quest for the breakthrough of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The artistic practice of writers contributed to enriching of Ukrainian writing with new themes, images and genre forms, expanding the limits of traditional realism, so, updating the artistic and stylistic palette. The given motives of writers’ works reflected to the inside feelings and experiences of heroes are present as intertextual inclusions in prose of M. Kotsubinskiy, V. Stefanik, P. Mirniy, L. Ukrainka, O. Kobilianska and other writers at the turn of XIX-XX centuries. Being an organic component of Ukrainian literature, the narrative represents a tendency to expand the social sphere of personality images, to deepen the personal psychological characteristics of the individual. The place and role of prose creative works in Ukrainian literary process at the turn of the century are grounded.