ЕКОЛОГІЧНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ПІДЗЕМНОЇ І НАЗЕМНОЇ УРБАНІСТИКИ

Abstract

Purpose. The aim of the study is to predict the potential risk of urban air pollution by toxic components of exhaust gases of vehicles in terms of the underground and terrestrial urban planning, in particular, street canyons, underground pedestrian crossings, underground parking lots, etc. Methods. The following research methodology was used in the work: on the basis of space-time field observations of the intensity, density and speed of traffic flows, as well as using mathematical modeling methods it was proved that urban air pollution (of the roadside space, adjacent territories of well-type yards, underground infrastructure, etc.) by toxicants, which are components of vehicle engine emissions, remains at a high, often environmentally hazardous level, and therefore requires urgent development and implementation of the appropriate precautionary measures. Results. The analysis of problems of ecological safety of city objects of terrestrial (high-traffic roads, adjacent territories) and underground (underground pedestrian crossings, garages, parking lots) urbanistics allowed to reveal direct and indirect negative influences on air environment from emissions of motor vehicles; using mathematical modeling methods to predict the fields of concentration of major toxicants and identify areas of local emergency pollution in different weather conditions, identify the most unfavorable directions and wind speeds and assess the level of environmental hazards to human health (residents of houses located in the well-type yards, pedestrians, owners of underground garages (parking lots), tenants of parking spaces, etc.). Scientific novelty. The study revealed direct and indirect negative effects of the motor transport complex on the air environment of urban territories (objects of terrestrial and underground urbanistics), in particular, based on the use of mathematical modeling methods. The level of environmental danger to the health of urban residents has been assessed. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in the design and construction of urban infrastructure, as well as to reduce the technogenic load on the environment and human health in existing objects of terrestrial and underground urbanistics and other city areas.