Повышение эффективности и конкурентоспособности трамвая на рынке пассажирских перевозок.

Abstract

Objective: To justify a list of measures, allowing for the increase of tram’s competitiveness and efficiency on a transportation services’ market. Transport is one of the key elements of city’s social and economic development, consuming a considerable amount of resources. At present, the issue of municipal passenger complex development is topical, both in Russia and abroad. For a majority of cities the main types of urban transport are: a subway, a tram, a trolleybus and a bus. In recent years, a tram does not only restore, but also wins one’s way in urban transport systems. Vast experience of tram’s application has justified its profitability, high carrying capacity and the ability and possibility to achieve higher speeds; moreover, modern track design application with adoption of most recent technologies of noise and jittering reduction increases residents’ attraction from an aesthetic point of view and also decreases a detrimental impact on ecosystems. Methods: Having taken the present methods of capital efficiency as a basis for the research, a methodology has been suggested, taking into account different factors when justifying capital efficiency in the construction of new and the development of the existing municipal facilities of railroad transport, particularly, a tram. The key concept, built into the methodology in question, is the assessment of capital efficiency in the process of development of the existing and construction of the new lines of municipal transport, on the basis of their in-depth technical and economic assessment, carried from the viewpoint of capital and operational costs, significant social and economic, ecological effects and losses, occurring in the process of construction and maintenance of transportation facilities. Results: New methods of increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of modernization of the existing and constructing of the new tram lines in cities were justified. Practical importance: The determination of real spheres of trams’ usage increases economic efficiency and social attraction of urban transport определение реальных сфер использования трамвая повышает экономическую эффективность и социальную привлекательность городского транспорта