ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НОВЫХ МЕТОДИК ПРИ ЛЕЧЕНИИ ПОСТРАДАВШИХ С ПЕРЕЛОМАМИ ДЛИННЫХ ТРУБЧАТЫХ КОСТЕЙ ПРИ ТЯЖЁЛОЙ СОЧЕТАННОЙ ТРАВМЕ

Abstract

Severe combined injuries, and especially polytrauma, differ significantly from other types of injuries by high requirements for the organization of medical care at all its stages, miltidisciplinarity, high financial costs, poor short-term outcomes and long-term treatment results. Therefore, the search for new concepts, strategies and tactics for the treatment of victims is an urgent problem not only for surgeons, resuscitators and traumatologists, but also for healthcare in general. Fractures of long tubular bones accompanying severe combined injuries or polytrauma pose a lesser threat to the life of the victim than severe traumatic brain injuries or damage to internal organs, but they are the main cause of long-term treatment and disability. Such victims make up a significant group of patients-66.2%, therefore they represent a separate problem in traumatology and injury surgery. A modern solution to this problem, improving the results of treatment and the quality of life of victims after suffering a severe combined injury or polytrauma is possible on the basis of new approaches, as well as on the new ideology of osteosynthesis. In the present study, 392 minimally invasive osteosyntheses were performed in 274 patients with severe combined trauma and polytrauma. The indication was the need to fix fractures in order to create favorable conditions for rapid and lasting fusion, early functional treatment and rehabilitation of victims, and to achieve the highest possible level of quality of life after treatment. The possibility and duration of osteosynthesis were determined by the severity of the condition of the victims, assessed by objective methods: a simple clinical scale of VPH-SG or, much less often, specialized resuscitation scales of VPH-SS, SAPS or MODS. The surgical intervention was possible when the severity of the victim's condition reached the highest level of compensation: 16-30 points on the VPH-SG scale. The immediate outcomes of treatment of 274 patients with severe combined trauma and polytrauma after performing a full and final volume of surgery were good. There were no fatal outcomes. The frequency of mild local infectious complications in the field of surgical intervention was 4.0%. The average duration of inpatient treatment was 23.8±2.3 days: with closed intramedullary osteosynthesis - 19.8±0.3 days, with bone osteosynthesis - 24.2±1.2 days, with non - focal osteosynthesis-27.3±1.9 days. The long-term and anatomical and functional results of treatment were analyzed in 158 patients. There were no unsatisfactory long-term results of treatment. Good long-term results were achieved in 81.0%, satisfactory – in 19.0% of the victims. Thus, the results of the analysis of the immediate outcomes and long-term results of treatment of fractures of long tubular bones using the technology of minimally invasive osteosynthesis in patients with severe combined trauma and polytrauma demonstrated the high effectiveness of this surgical technology, on the one hand, and the direct dependence of the treatment outcomes on the severity of the injuries, the severity of the condition of the victims and the number of fractures in one victim, on the other hand.