Дистанційна освіта сьогодення: сутність та виклики

Abstract

The author in the article discusses the character and types of distance education, outlines the main problems that this form of study is experiencing nowadays. The author introduces the definition of distance learning; defines and characterizes its main types that are used to organize the educational process in pandemic situation (video conferencing, synchronous learning, asynchronous learning, online courses with an open schedule, online courses with a fixed schedule, computer distance learning, hybrid learning). The Moodle platform, one of the widely used by higher educational institutions, is also characterized. Its advantages include communicative nature, transparency of learning outcomes, an intuitive interface, reliability, adaptation to different devices with different operating systems. The main contradictions that exist between the strict requirements of reality to distance learning organization and the willingness of higher education institutions to organize and implement training in digital form using various information technologies are analyzed. Among the problems of organizing distance learning in higher educational institutions, the author underlines the difficulties connected with the development of an electronic educational environment; with the readiness of the teaching staff to use information educational technologies in the educational process on-line; with the development of electronic educational materials that meet a high-quality educational process organization. There are also difficulties caused by the lack of a sufficient amount of modern and reliable communication facilities and high-speed Internet communication channels for students. It is concluded that the transition to effective online learning requires time and various resources (financial, informational, human and others), support from organizations and officials interested in the development of high-quality online education.