ОБУСЛОВЛЕННОСТЬ ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИХ И ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИХ ЗНАЧЕНИЙ ВО ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМАХ

Abstract

The author of the article makes an attempt to analyze the Russian idiom согнуться в три погибели in the cognitive aspect. The work identifies the prerequisites for the conditionality formation of lexical and grammatical meanings of phraseological units on material this idiom. Taking into account the conditions for the transition of free phrases to related ones (loss of reality, metaphorization, deformation of phrase parts and primary grammatical structure failure), including etymological analysis, semantic relations are defined within the phraseological unit requiring a specific grammatical form of certain words. The idiom в три погибели is built on the basis of metaphorical transference in appearance. The anthropomorphism of metaphor on the ground of external similarity, as well as the reality, received some metaphorical interpretation in the analyzed phraseological unit, retains its significance for understanding this idiom. The given examples from the Slavic languages have confirmed that in this phraseological unit the word погибели reflects the archaic semantics “to be bent”. The lexical and grammatical meanings in phraseological units are preconditioned. This phenomenon can be explained by etymology features and formation pattern of semantic links between components of phraseological units. For complete idioms understanding, it is often necessary not only to perform linguistic analysis, including etymological, but also to use cognitive approach, involving appeal to history, anthropology and cryptology, and other subjects. Key words: phraseological unit согнуться в три погибели, an idiom, etymology, semantics, symphysis, grammatical form of the word.