Глобальні економічні тренди авіаційних пасажирських перевезень

Abstract

The relevance of the chosen issue is due to the fact that the rapid development of large-scale processes of transport globalization has led, on the one hand, to another restructuring of the aviation sector of national economies, but on the other hand, to the emergence of significant global risks (COVID-19, terrorism, territorial seizures, increased competition among major aviation companies, unprecedented consequences of air pollution, etc.). These and some other preconditions (including the rise in fuel prices) have contributed to the bankruptcy of individual airlines, both among large companies and those with only 3-4 aircraft at their disposal. In today's conditions, the positioning of the world's leading airlines within the three dominant aviation alliances, Sky Team, Star Alliance, and One World, has become increasingly important. The author has demonstrated that they have divided the global aviation space into three unequal parts and have taken dominant positions in world. The article substantiates the phenomenon of the rapid development of aviation transport leaders, particularly passenger airlines: American Airlines (USA), Delta Airlines (USA), Ryanair Group (Ireland), United Airlines (USA), Southwest Airlines (USA), Lufthansa Group (Germany). The article examines the systemic nature and features of the development of budget airlines (low-cost carriers), as well as leading Chinese and Arab airlines. The leading role and development prospects of aviation infrastructure (including global airports) in improving the quality, safety, reliability, and efficiency of passenger air transport are substantiated. The central role of airlines in organizing the tourism business and forming on this basis new forms of economic activity is determined. A graphic model of the development of air passenger transport for the period 2020–2040 has been developed. The important role of global and national institutions in regulating air transport (harmonization of the regulatory framework, networking of aviation space, global hybridization of transportation, etc.) is emphasized.