예수의 구약 해석 - 마가복음을 중심으로 -

Abstract

Jesus incorporates and makes use of Scripture mainly by use of three characteristics which are authoritative, embodied, and subversive. The characteristics of authoritative reading is demonstrated in Sabbath controversy. Jesus makes direct references to story of David(I Samuel 21:1-6) in order to justify actions of his disciples. And through use of this reference, which consists of David authority, which was bestowed upon him via being anointed, being used to protect and shield his companies illegal actions, Jesus argues that his disciples actions can thus be justified because they were with him and their deeds were made for benefit of Jesus. In addition, Jesus argues that disciples` deeds which may seem heretical on day of Sabbath can be justified based on God s original intentions for Sabbath day which emphasize that Sabbath is for benefit of human beings. Jesus identifies himself with the Son of Man, and pronounces that he is able to interpret true meaning of Sabbath by authority of Son of Man. The embodied way of reading Old Testament is made clear in conversation with rich man(10:17-31). Jesus suggests keeping Ten Commandments to man who raises question of what he should do to inherit eternal life. But after hearing that he had kept them commandments from his childhood, Jesus calls him to follow him after selling and giving all that he had. The soteriological implication beyond ethics is made clear in Jesus` suggestion. This is because keeping of commandments was understood as a way of securing eternal life and wealth was considered to be a sign of blessing of God which would be given to well-keeper of Torah. Instead, Jesus proposes that way to eternal life is to be a follower of his own, forsaking an attempt to keep soteriological sense of security in terms of obtaining wealth. It is clear that belief that he is eschatological revealer of God who does not only know Gods will perfectly but also acts according to it must be behind his proposition that following him is a way of obtaining eternal life. The subversive way of reading of Scripture is demonstrated in parables of seed growing by itself (4:26-29) and ``the mustard seed``(4:30-32), each of which refer to texts respectively from Joel (3:12-13) and Daniel (4:11-12). The parable of seed growing by itself is focused on sovereignty of God and parable of mustard seed is mainly concerned about demonstrating power of kingdom of God which grows beyond human expectations. Such an emphasis on God`s sovereignty is highlighted by incorporating into Jesus` own discourse texts from Old testament which are at end of each parable. In parable of seed growing by itself, Jesus changes metaphor of harvest from God`s judgment of nations (Joel 3:12-13) to that of harvest for God`s grace. The ``big tree`` with shelter for many birds and animals (Daniel 4:11-12), of which Jesus uses in parable of mustard seed, originally refers to king Nebuchadnezzar who brought Israelites into Babylon as captives. But Jesus makes use of parable to refer to kingdom of God which he proclaims and under which many nations find shelter. In such a subversive reading Jesus shows that kingdom of God progresses towards its fulfillment by itself and beyond human expectations. Finally, present study makes an attempt to show that source of Jesus` distinctive interpretation of Scripture is his self-understanding as an eschatological revealer of God`s will.