ДИСКУСІЙНІ ПИТАННЯ З ІСТОРІЇ РОЗВИТКУ РЕЛЬЄФУ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ КАРПАТ

Abstract

Today, the most problematic issues of age and genesis of the Ukrainian Carpathian relief are as follows: 1) alignment surfaces and relief stratification; 2) mountain and cover glaciation; 3) formation and restructuring of river valleys; 4) age of volcanic relief. Investigations of alignment surfaces and relief stratification by various researchers during the 20th and 21st centuries have been analysed. The formation of denudation and denudation-accumulative surfaces, as well as relief stratification, is connected with the theory of equilibrium of relief-forming forces. Attention has been drawn to the interesting theory of the development of slopes and river valleys, where the stages of destruction, accumulation and equilibrium alternate in the process of development, as well as to the possible equilibrium between endogenous and exogenous processes: exogenous processes are constantly late in relation to endogenous ones. An interesting concept of the formation of relief stratification for mountainous countries and uplands, which is connected with the erosion and denudation development of relief based on the formation of the decline surfaces on the watersheds, has been highlighted. The data on the role of denudation speed during relief formation in landscape zones for rocks of different lithological and petrographic composition have been proided. A detailed analysis of the ancient glacial relief forms, performed by many researchers, indicates the Mindelian age of glaciation in the Ukrainian Carpathians. A significant contribution to the study of cover and mountain glaciation by the first Ukrainian geomorphologist S. Rudnitsky has been demonstrated. Some issues of the formation and restructuring of the river network have been reconsidered. First of all, it was noted that on all stages of the development of the Ukrainian Carpathian relief, transverse rivers dominated. S. Rudnitsky’s explanation of the volcanic activity in the Pleistocene (the presence of tuffs on the Pleistocene terrace in the valley of the Uzh river) was confirmed. Key words: Ukrainian Carpathians, relief age, denudation, denudation and denudationaccumulative surfaces, cover and mountain glaciation, river valleys, volcanic relief.