Биотехнологическая оптимизация производства привитых саженцев винограда

Abstract

The main research objective was to study if symbiotic micro-organisms can be used in high quality grape grafted saplings production technologies in nursery gardens. For the purpose the laboratory and field methods were used. Some variants with fungus-aulophyte introduction as well as spontaneous inoculation were compared. The standard industry techniques were used to define the biological efficiency and grape saplings unification/commonality indicators. The number of the main ecologotrophic microorganisms were assessed by the means of soil suspension inoculation on the solid nutritional medium, the mineralisation process intensity indicators were defined. Sapling root inoculation with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi positively influenced the environmental stress adaptation of the plant, which was observed as an increased kidney blooming dynamics which was 1,3-2 times higher in comparison with control; and the initial foliage growth dynamics was 1,3-2 times more intensive in the fi rst two weeks after planting comparing with the control. Biological activity efficiency of the elevated grape plant part was apparent; the leaf surface area was expanded by 14,0-42,1 %, the scion average length pulled out by 10,8-28,5 %, leaf surface area growing was significantly more intensive in June-August period. Risogenesis was stimulated - the total number of roots increased by 1,3-1,6 times, 2 mm roots increased by 1,2-2,6 times, the total thickness of roots increased by 1,3-1,8 times. Microbiological activity growth of the soil rhizosphere was observed: the quantity of ammonifiers grew by 1,6 times, mineral nitrogen immobilisers increased more than by 2,5 times, oligonitrofils - by 3,1 times, pedotrofs - by 3, 5 times, micromycetes - by 1,7 times. Steady growth of grape saplings survival in the nursery in environmental stressful conditions is recorded (12,0-27,1 %) as well as an increased standard saplings exit (by 19-24 %).