Синтаксические особенности исходных речевых произведений как дестабилизирующий фактор в устном синхронном переводе (на материале речей американских политиков)

Abstract

Simultaneous interpreting is one of the most complex types of cognitive and communicative activity. Since the middle of the 20th century, simultaneous interpreters have been serving the needs of intercultural mediation at conferences, congresses and other international meetings. This justifies the need to educate highly qualified interpreters. In this regard, the study of the simultaneous interpreting mechanisms and peculiarities in the context of political communication plays an important role in improving interpreting theory, didactics, practice and methodology. The quality and accuracy of simultaneous interpreting depend on both the interpreter and the orator. Prosodic, syntactical, lexical and stylistic features inherent in the speeches determine their translatability. These features, as well as a number of other variables, can either represent some destabilizing factors for simultaneous interpreters, or contribute to a more accurate and highquality interpreting. The article describes a number of factors that influence the simultaneous interpreting process and result. We pay a particular attention to the analysis of the syntactic features inherent in the speeches delivered by two US presidents: George W. Bush (2001–2009) and B. Obama (2009–2017). The paper determines the impact that these syntactic features can have on simultaneous interpreting. The analysis of the features inherent in the speeches can help in the selection of material for the simultaneous interpreting didactics in the language combination “English–Russian”. The results of the research can be used in the study of texts produced by other speakers and/or in other languages.