Дисфония — современное состояние проблемы и методы лечения

Abstract

Dysphonia is a voice disorder manifesting with hoarseness, nasality, weak voice, and vocal fatigue. Being a common complaint, dysphonia is a common cause of medical referral and disability due to absence from work. Voice disorders affect individuals of any age. Meanwhile, voice disorders are more commonly reported in patients over 65 years (29.1%) and children. Moreover, 23.4% of children may have dysphonia at a certain point — this disorder is more common in boys than in girls. There are numerous causes of dysphonia, e.g., head snd neck tumors, neurological, gastrointestinal, or lung diseases, psychological disorders, injuries, iatrogenic injuries, infections, etc. Meanwhile, acute laryngitis, a symptom of acute respiratory infections, is one of the leading causes of dysphonia. The most common causative agents of acute laryngitis are parainfluenza and influenza viruses, adenoviruses, on occasion, respiratory syncytial virus, and viral-bacterial associations. Dysphonia treatment should be complex and include systemic and topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, mucoactive medications, systemic and topical antibiotics, and combined medications (e.g., Homeovox). Clinical trials have demonstrated their efficacy in adults and children. KEYWORDS: acute laryngitis, dysphonia, hoarseness, treatment. FOR CITATION: Nikolaeva S.V., Turovskiy A.B., Khlypovka Yu.N. Dysphonia: state-of-the-art and treatment tools. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(11):749–754 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-11-749-754.