Використання комплексних підходів добору цінних генотипів рослин буряків цукрових за створення батьківських компонентів гібридів на ЦЧС основі

Abstract

Goal. To study and compare the effectiveness of different directions of selection of valuable plant genotypes for the creation of parental components of sugar beet hybrids on a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) basis. Methods. Field — experiments, phenological observations, laboratory — to determine laboratory germination and sugar content, measuring and weighing — to determine the crop structure, statistical — to process mathematically the achieved results. Results. It is established that the use of integrated approaches to the selection of the best genotypes of plants contributes to the creation of combination-valuable parental components of sugar beet hybrids with increased base productivity. In terms of root crop yield, the average indicators of CMS of lines were 107.4%, sugar yield — 106.3, sugar output — 105.5% compared to the group standard. The sugar content of their roots was at the standard level. The yield of roots of multi-sprout pollinators increased to 116.7%, sugar yield — to 118.3, sugar output — to 116.7% to the group standard. In general, new selection materials of sugar beets of yield direction of productivity were created by complex selection. The corresponding performance indicators of CMS lines and multi-sprout pollinators created using 2 other areas of selection were at or below the standard. According to the results of testing experimental hybrids created with the participation of parent components with increased basic productivity, 8 high-yielding hybrids were identified, which in terms of root yield exceed the group standard by 19.7–27.2%, sugar yield, and output — by 17.6–25, 7% and 16.9–25.5%, respectively. Conclusions. The introduction of complex selection in the selection process of sugar beets significantly increases its efficiency, allows, from the standpoint of a systematic approach, to evaluate existing and form a new source material for the selection of parent components and hybrids on a CMS basis with high productivity potential (sugar yield 11–12 t/ha), suitable for energy and environmentally friendly cultivation technologies.