ОЦЕНКА АДАПТАЦИОННЫХ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЗАСУШЛИВЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ АСТРАХАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Abstract

The Astrakhan region is the driest area in Europe, and drought here is the main limiting factor in cultivation of spring wheat. Drought has a negative effect in all growth stages of the crop, however, during critical periods (tillering, earing, flowering, ripening) this effect is especially detrimental. Therefore, studying the gene fund of grain crops and selection of plants with a wide range of reactions to changing conditions that can realize their potential is relevant. The purpose of the research was to study and isolate a highly productive collection material of spring wheat adapted to the arid conditions of the Astrakhan region for developing new varieties. The research was carried out on rainfed lands of Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of RAS in 2019-2021. Design of experiments, conducting observations and laboratory analyses were carried out according to B.A. Dospekhov and methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Crops. In the research, 39 cultivars of spring wheat of various ecological and geographical origin were studied. According to the results, the following cultivars with a high coefficient of adaptability were identified: Grechanka (Saratov region) - 1.64; Orenburgskaya yubileinaya (Orenburg region) - 1.34; Daria (Belarus) - 1.20; Chi 85-4268 (China) - 1.17; Orenburgskaya 30 (Orenburg region) - 1.16; Nil thatcher lr 45 (Canada) -1.32; Kelse (USA) - 1.22; Zlata (Moscow region) - 1.17. These samples can be in demand in modern production, as they are characterized by a high level of balanced adaptive properties and high yield formation in the arid climate of the Astrakhan region.